March 3, 2026Open Access

Comparison of the flexural strength and microstructure of 3D printed and milled mono- and multilayer zirconia

Key Points

Milled zirconia exhibits higher flexural strength compared to 3D-printed variants.
The flexural strength of printed multilayer zirconia aligns with milled zirconia strengths.
Analysis shows a higher Weibull modulus in milled zirconia, suggesting better reliability.
Microstructure reveals monoclinic phases in 3Y printed zirconia, with cubic phases present only in milled 5Y.

Abstract

• Milled zirconia shows higher flexural strength than 3D-printed overall • Printed 3Y/5Y multilayer zirconia matches flexural strength of milled 3Y/5Y • Printed 5Y zirconia matches the flexural strength of milled 5Y zirconia • Milled zirconia has higher Weibull modulus and fewer defects than printed • Monoclinic phase occurs in 3Y regions; cubic phase only in milled 5Y

Comparison of the flexural strength and microstructure of 3D printed and milled mono- and multilayer zirconia

Key Points

Abstract

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