Smallholder farms in Uganda play a crucial role in the country's agricultural economy, yet their energy adoption rates are not well understood. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative econometric methods with qualitative case studies. Panel data from - were analysed using a fixed effects regression model (y₈ₓ = eta₀ + eta₁X₈ₓ + uᵢ), accounting for potential endogeneity and omitted variable bias. The analysis revealed that the proportion of smallholder farms adopting improved cooking stoves was significantly higher (p<0. 05) in regions with access to electricity, indicating a strong positive correlation between electrification and stove adoption rates. This study contributes to the literature by validating the use of panel data techniques for assessing energy adoption among smallholders and highlights the importance of infrastructure development in enhancing sustainable energy solutions. Further research should explore additional factors influencing stove adoption, such as education levels and socio-economic status, while also considering long-term policy implications for rural electrification programmes. Smallholder farms, Energy adoption rates, Panel data analysis, Stove adoption, Fixed effects model
Namuguta et al. (2006) studied this question.