The increased usage of electric cars in Indonesia has led to a rise in battery waste. Major problems in battery waste management currently stem from the lack of transparency and leakage in the logistics chain that leads to recycling facilities. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology offers significant potential for mitigating these issues. Previous research on IoT adoption has often focused on technical dimensions and neglected social dynamics. This study employs a qualitative approach with Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as the primary analytical framework to develop an IoT adoption framework for electric car battery waste management in Indonesia. This study uses ANT perspective to map the dynamic interactions between human and non-human actors within socio-technical networks. The findings identify ten human actors, including the government, electric car manufacturers, formal waste managers, the chief executive officer (CEO) of the formal waste manager, IoT providers, IoT technology producers, academics, researchers, electric car users, and society. Three non-human actors were identified: policies, IoT standards, and IoT devices, including near-field communication (NFC), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). The findings also indicate that the government plays a crucial role in driving technology adoption. The proposed framework emphasizes that technological innovation must be accompanied by a supportive policy ecosystem and all stakeholders in the socio-technical network.
Setyoko et al. (Sun,) studied this question.