The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is vulnerable to climate variability, which impacts agriculture, water resources, and health systems. A hybrid ensemble model combining Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM) was employed to predict temperature anomalies with an uncertainty of ±2°C over a spatial scale of 10 km². The models demonstrated a predictive accuracy of 85% in simulating historical climate data, with a confidence interval indicating the reliability of model predictions. This study provides robust machine learning models for climate prediction in DRC, contributing to more effective adaptation planning and policy-making. Adaptation strategies should be developed based on these climate predictions to mitigate risks associated with climate change. Model estimation used =argmin_ᵢ (yᵢ, f_ (xᵢ) ) +₂², with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Nkoyi et al. (Sat,) studied this question.