This article examines satire’s role in representing and shaping emergent diplomatic relations between the British and Chinese empires in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Romantic-era satires typically stereotype the Chinese imperial court to bolster Britons’ national self-image and to critique (and attend to) British foibles, particularly within Parliament and the monarchy. Thus, derogatory representations of China serve twofold to augment Britain by either affirming cultural superiority or constructively criticizing government policies. The satiric verses of John Wolcot (pseudonym Peter Pindar) are unique, offering more sympathetic representations of China reminiscent of early to mid-eighteenth-century laudatory perceptions of the Qing Empire as the embodiment of cultural sophistication, as well as political and economic stability. Pindar specifically satirizes Britain’s aspirational moments of diplomatic exchange with the Chinese. Using Pindar’s verse, this article illustrates Romantic satire’s potential to challenge Britain’s imperial aspirations by highlighting diplomatic insufficiencies and depicting an alternative global order.
Jennifer L. Hargrave (Wed,) studied this question.