ABSTRACT In recent years, nanotechnology has gained significant attention in agriculture, offering advanced and efficient solutions for improving soil health, enhancing nutrients, and increasing crop productivity. However, increasing concerns about the potential phytotoxicity and environmental hazards associated with metal‐based nanoparticles underscore the need for more sustainable and eco‐compatible solutions. In this study, a bio‐stabilized polymeric nanocomposite including chitosan, okra mucilage, and nano zero‐valent iron (CS–OM–nZVI) was synthesized and evaluated for its effects on plant growth, soil nutrient dynamics, and soil enzyme activity through a controlled pot assay using Vigna radiata . Phytotoxicity assessments revealed a concentration‐dependent decrease in germination index (GI) and chlorophyll content in nZVI‐treated plants, while CS–OM–nZVI treatments significantly enhanced these parameters, peaking at 98% GI and 45.91 µg/mL chlorophyll content at the concentration of 100 mg/g. Antioxidant activity assays indicated elevated oxidative stress under nZVI exposure, which was markedly mitigated in CS–OM–nZVI‐treated plants. The polymeric nanocomposite significantly increased alkaline phosphatase and urease activities, enhancing phosphorus and nitrogen cycling. These findings highlight the potential of CS–OM–nZVI as an eco‐compatible nanomaterial for enhancing soil health and plant productivity in sustainable cropping systems.
Sivasuriyan et al. (2026) studied this question.