This study explores how video quality, field of view, and latency influence users’ performance, depth perception, and overall experience in remote-control systems for industrial teleoperated applications. In this controlled laboratory investigation, we conducted an experimental study using a test setup that closely replicated real-world conditions while ensuring experimental control and safety. Participants completed 18 trials under varying fields of view (Wide vs. Narrow), latency (High, Medium, Low), and video quality (High, Medium, Low) conditions to evaluate their navigation accuracy, depth perception and Quality of Experience. Using a mixed method approach, considering Quality of Experience and User Experience insights, we integrated objective performance metrics, quantitative user evaluations, and qualitative feedback to understand how visual constraints impact control and decision-making. The results show that latency had the most impact on navigation accuracy, followed by field of view. The high latency level significantly influenced performance, causing larger deviations from the intended path and reducing confidence in estimating depth. The effect was even more pronounced in narrow fields of view, where high latency further amplified navigation difficulties. In contrast, a wider field of view helped mitigate latency effects by improving situational awareness and reducing reliance on secondary visual cues. While video quality had a minimal impact on objective navigation performance, qualitative feedback indicated that higher video quality improved confidence in depth perception and reduced visual strain, supporting users in making precise judgments. We also collected users’ feedback that provided cues to further enhance the teleoperation systems.
Rafiei et al. (Mon,) studied this question.