This study highlights distinct cytokine expression patterns in patients with endometrial tuberculosis (ETB) and tuberculosis lymphadenitis (TBLN). The differential cytokine expression in the ETB may be influenced by the unique immune microenvironment of endometrial tissue. These site-specific immune responses could contribute to variations in disease presentation and progression. The differential expression of TGF-β in the ETB suggests a potential role in immune modulation and fibrosis, which may contribute to tissue remodeling and reproductive dysfunction. Additionally, the increased levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in both EPTB forms reinforce the involvement of localized immune responses in disease pathogenesis. Identifying these cytokine patterns may help uncover potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, which, upon validation through further studies, could enhance the detection and management of ETB.
Baye et al. (Tue,) studied this question.