The need to integrate sustainable practices such as reverse logistics (RL) in business operations cannot be over emphasised. However, a broad framework that articulates the key aspects of RL is not readily available in the extant literature. This paper seeks to address this gap in RL research. It employed a systematic literature review (SLR) approach coupled with content analysis to organically structure the main aspects of RL. The result is an RL Onion Model indicating from the core outward, RL drivers, benefits, practices, risks, system/network requirements, and implementational resources and barriers. This model can serve as a useful reference for new organisations seeking to on-board RL practice to understand the scope. It can also serve as a decision-support system for practitioners. The model also offers a foundation for further scholarly investigations, providing a systems-oriented perspective that integrates both theoretical and practical thrusts. This framework advances understanding of RL dynamics and provides a structured approach that will guide strategy formulation, risk mitigation, and resource allocation within complex RL systems. For firms already practicing RL, it can offer opportunity to reflect on their operations and identify challenges to overcome for enhanced RL operations. Additionally, the framework can inform the development of a simulation for RL training purposes. The paper illustrates how core motivations influence RL strategies and practices, and how operation decisions and risk management propagate outward to affect network configuration and resource requirements.
Adaku et al. (Tue,) studied this question.