What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing treatment response in Erdheim-Chester disease.

March 13, 2026Open Access

Potential Role of 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Response Assessment of Rare Multisystemic Disease Like Erdheim–Chester Disease

DKDikhra KhanAll India Institute of Medical Sciences SSSambit SagarAll India Institute of Medical Sciences SSS. ShamimAll India Institute of Medical Sciences

Key Points

To evaluate the effectiveness of 18F-FDG PET/CT in assessing treatment response in Erdheim-Chester disease.
Documented a case of a 55-year-old male with Erdheim-Chester disease.
Performed baseline and post-treatment evaluations using 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Analyzed varied presentations of lesions in kidneys and other organs.
18F-FDG PET/CT effectively mapped disease status and therapy response.
Documented atypical kidney findings and varied lesions across multiple systems.
Highlighted the utility of FDG-PET/CT in treatment planning.

Abstract

We report the case of a 55-year-old male diagnosed with Erdheim–Chester disease, who underwent 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT) for baseline evaluation as well as posttreatment. The patient was treated with interferon-alpha but was lost to follow-up due to COVID pandemic, 2 years later the disease status, and the response to therapy was documented using FDG-PET/CT. We would also like to highlight the varied presentations of lesions in kidneys, retroperitoneum, lungs, and paranasal sinuses with special focus on atypical finding of the kidney. Thus, FDG-PET/CT is a useful modality for demonstrating response to therapy and mapping the disease status in Erdheim–Chester disease and therefore helps in further planning of management.

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