In this paper, a broadband hybrid plasmonic waveguide modulator based on graphene-sodium (HPWMGS) has proposed with ultra-low loss in the near-infrared (NIR) area. The modulator structure consists of dual-semielliptical cylinders sodium-nanoribbon integrated graphene–insulator magnesium fluoride (Mg{{F}₂}) –graphene capacitor placed above a (Mg{{F}₂}) rectangular cube on a silica (SiO2) buffer layer and a (Si) silicon substrate. The propagation properties of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are investigated by the finite element computational method. Here, characteristics of SPP modes of proposed structure are achieved on the waveguide geometry, the graphene Fermi energy and the wavelength of incident light in detail. Here, the HPWMGS SPPs mode can be achieved the normalized mode area of 1pt {10^{ - 4}}, the propagation lengths of nearly 47 µm, figure of merit over 3400 and attenuation of 0. 18 dB/μm by tunning parameters of materials at wavelength of 1. 55 µm, graphene Fermi energy of 0. 85 eV, and dimension of the waveguide, which shows better performance compared to the similar graphene- based modulators. Benefitting from the excellent broadband NIR propagation and modulation efficiency, HPWMGS structure may open up a new path for diverse NIR, modulators, waveguides and optoelectronic devices.
Akbar Asadi (Sun,) studied this question.