This study examines the pull-out behaviour of power-actuated fasteners (PAFs) in concrete through a combined analytical, experimental, and probabilistic approach. An experimental programme with 40 power-actuated fasteners (PAFs) installed in plain concrete was carried out to investigate how penetration depth, curvature, and surface damage influence pull-out resistance. Image-based analysis of the concrete surface provided quantitative geometric indicators that were correlated with the measured capacities. The analytical model originally proposed by Gerber was recalibrated using these parameters, resulting in improved agreement with the experimental results. In addition, a probabilistic model was developed to describe the likelihood of insufficient pull-out capacity as a function of measurable installation parameters. The combined framework links geometric characteristics and material response to the reliability of PAF anchorage and highlights the potential of measurable post-installation data for the intelligent, data-driven assessment of fastening performance.
Yousef et al. (Sat,) studied this question.