• A validated AVL Boost model was developed for a diesel engine converted to operate on CNG. • CNG operation provides higher power output, lower fuel consumption, and substantially reduced NOx and soot emissions compared to diesel. • NOx emissions are reduced by 49.63% to nearly 95% across the entire load range due to improved combustion characteristics of CNG. • Increased CO emissions and the presence of HC indicate the need for combustion chamber and ignition strategy optimization. Reducing harmful emissions from diesel engines has become an urgent requirement in the transportation sector of all countries. In this context, compressed natural gas (CNG) is considered a promising alternative fuel for existing diesel engines due to its clean combustion characteristics and emission reduction potential. This study focuses on the development and evaluation of a simulation model for a diesel engine converted to operate on CNG, aiming to comprehensively compare its economic, technical, and emission performance with those of the original diesel engine. The engine model was developed using AVL Boost software and calibrated and validated with experimental data to ensure the reliability of the results. Simulations were conducted over a wide range of engine operating conditions, with simultaneous variations in engine speed and load, allowing for a detailed assessment of the effects of fuel type on engine performance characteristics. The results show that the CNG-fueled engine achieves a maximum power increase of 7.69% and a reduction in brake specific fuel consumption of 8.5–10.12% compared to the diesel engine. In terms of emissions, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) are significantly reduced by 49.63–95%, and soot emissions are completely eliminated. However, under rich mixture operating conditions, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions increase by 3.77–5.85 times, accompanied by a considerable amount of unburned hydrocarbons (HC). Therefore, the obtained results can serve as a basis for applying CNG-converted diesel engines in buses, urban trucks, agricultural tractors, or power generators to improve energy efficiency and meet stringent environmental standards. This study focuses on evaluating the applicability of CNG fuel in existing diesel engines rather than newly designed engines, while also extending the investigation across a wide range of engine operating conditions. In addition, the simulation model is calibrated using experimental data, thereby enhancing the reliability and practical applicability of the obtained results.
Tien et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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