What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to quantify elemental heterogeneity based on length scale using SEM-EDS maps.

March 26, 2026

Resampling SEM-EDS Maps to Characterize the Length Scale of Elemental Heterogeneity

Key Points

The aim is to quantify elemental heterogeneity based on length scale using SEM-EDS maps.
Developed a resampling technique for analyzing SEM-EDS element maps.
Calculated average X-ray intensity per pixel for non-overlapping domains of varying sizes.
Plotted the standard deviation of averages against domain size.
Applied the method to a range of ceramic samples to assess the impact of materials and milling.
Tracked elemental heterogeneity correlated to grain-size reduction due to milling.
Data showed variations in heterogeneity linked to different raw materials.
Results indicate potential for assessing mixing degree in samples.

Abstract

Abstract A new method to quantify elemental heterogeneity as a function of length scale was developed based on resampling SEM-EDS element maps. The average X-ray intensity per pixel is calculated for non-overlapping domains of a given size across an element map. The standard deviation of these averages is plotted as a function of domain size. The method was applied to a suite of ceramic samples to compare heterogeneity as a function of raw materials and milling. The resulting data effectively tracked heterogeneity as a function of grain-size reduction by milling and would also be useful for tracking the degree of mixing. Calculated results are affected by the composition of the phases in the sample and the bulk composition, so care must be taken when comparing samples that differ in these characteristics.

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