This work investigates the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) integration on the power sector of Pakistan, with the aim of minimizing the cost of electricity (COE) generation and reducing CO 2 emissions. A multiperiod mixed integer linear programming model is developed to optimize the energy mix, considering constraints such as electricity demand, CO 2 emissions, and power plant capacity. This study analyses the effect of 30%, 50%, and 70% EV penetration on newly purchased vehicles, determining their impact on cumulative COE and CO 2 emissions. The optimization results indicate that the COE generation is not adversely affected by the adoption of EVs, and a significant reduction in CO 2 emissions can be achieved by increasing non-fossil-based power generation. The study also explores CO 2 mitigation schemes, including fuel balancing (FB) and renewable energy reliance. While FB is found to be ineffective under the given electricity demand levels. The analysis reveals that CO 2 emissions could decrease by up to 11.9 MT with a 70% EV penetration, while maintaining renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and biomass at 20–40% of the energy mix can lead to seasonal emission reductions of up to 37.8% in summer. This work offers preliminary insights into the EV integration in Pakistan’s energy sector and lays a foundation for future policy recommendations aimed at achieving a balanced energy mix and sustained emission reduction.
Khan et al. (Tue,) studied this question.