proportional hazard model we examined all-cause mortality in CKM stages using sex as a mediator, and adjusting for demographics, income, insurance status, current smoking, and physical activity. Results:The cox proportional hazards model showed males had a higher HR of mortality (HR: 2.07-5.65)compared to females (HR: 1.0-4.48)at every stage of CKM.However, when we calculate HRs with individual references for each sex, then the mortality is relative to each sex's baseline (stage 0).In this case, with each increasing stage the mortality among females becomes higher with increasing CKM stage compared to men.Conclusion: Overall mortality is generally higher for males than females, regardless of what CKM stage they are in.However, with the individual sex strata, women appear to have a steeper rise in mortality risk with rising CKM stage relative to men, and that difference increases with increasing stage of CKM.Underlying biologic reasons for these observations require further investigation.I have no potential conflict of interest to disclose.I did not use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.
Mutugi et al. (Wed,) studied this question.