Volume 5: Light in the Monistic Continuum Model (MCM) is described as a dynamic vortex ring of tension within a continuous medium, unifying wave‑like and particle‑like behavior through a single mechanical structure. Photons are massless, closed vortex rings whose energy corresponds to their rotational frequency and whose propagation speed is fixed by the material constant of the medium, c, determined by its elasticity and inertia. Because photons bind no static tension, they cannot accelerate or decelerate and always move at c, independent of observer motion. Gravitation is interpreted as a spatial tension gradient, causing light to follow curved tension lines without changing speed. This framework explains gravitational lensing, light bending, redshift, blueshift, and the formation of light traps as consequences of medium geometry rather than changes in photon dynamics. Interactions between light and matter arise from couplings between dynamic vortex rings (photons) and stable matter vortices. Absorption dissolves the photon vortex, emission releases a new vortex ring, and scattering produces temporary coupling with changes in direction or frequency. Classical electrodynamics emerges as a macroscopic approximation of these tension dynamics: electric fields correspond to tension gradients, magnetic fields to rotating tension flows, and electromagnetic waves to the averaged behavior of photon vortices. Maxwell’s equations are treated as linear approximations valid only in weak, homogeneous tension fields. Overall, E10–E90 present light as a mechanical phenomenon rooted in the geometry and dynamics of a continuous medium, offering a unified interpretation of optics, relativity, gravitation, and electrodynamics.
Walter Moosbrugger (Thu,) studied this question.