This paper examines some of the specific aspects of the use of evaluative elements of other crimes against public (general) safety in law and in their qualification. The subject of the study is criminal law provisions that provide for liability for "other" crimes against public (general) safety, namely: hijacking an aircraft or watercraft or a railway rolling stock (Article 211 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), mass riots (Article 212 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), and piracy (Article 227 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The author focuses on the evaluative elements contained in the provisions of these articles, such as "organization of mass riots," "other involvement," "armed resistance," "pogrom," "attack on a vessel," "other grave consequences," as well as various forms of violence and objects used as weapons. The paper analyzes the ambiguity in the understanding of these categories in criminal law doctrine and law enforcement practice, which creates difficulties in the qualification of acts and the distinction between related crimes. Particular attention is given to the etymology of key terms and their semantic content in the context of public safety. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis of the evaluative categories inherent specifically to "other" crimes against public safety and the development, on this basis, of theoretical provisions aimed at improving criminal law. The author systematizes and explains, in light of modern law enforcement practice, complex features such as "pogrom" and "armed resistance," among others. The study resulted in the formulation of original definitions of key concepts: mass riots as an act committed by a large crowd of people in a public place; involvement as a form of incitement; and attacks during piracy as aggressive actions aimed at seizing a vessel. The findings can be used in legislative activity and in the classification of crimes by law enforcement.
М. М. Musienko (Sun,) studied this question.