Development of a Construction Safety Risk Governance Model for Multi Contractor High Rise Projects

High-rise construction projects frequently involve multiple contractors operating simultaneously across complex vertical workspaces. This multi-contractor environment introduces fragmented responsibility, communication gaps, overlapping work zones, and inconsistent safety management practices, which collectively increase the likelihood of occupational accidents. Traditional construction safety management frameworks often focus on individual contractor compliance rather than coordinated risk governance across the entire project ecosystem. This review paper examines existing approaches to construction safety management and proposes a structured governance model designed specifically for multi-contractor high-rise construction environments. The study synthesizes findings from construction safety literature, risk management frameworks, and project governance models to identify critical factors influencing safety performance in vertically integrated construction projects. Key elements examined include contractor coordination mechanisms, real-time hazard monitoring, risk communication channels, safety leadership structures, and regulatory compliance systems. Building on these insights, the paper develops a Construction Safety Risk Governance Model that integrates centralized oversight, shared accountability mechanisms, and data-driven safety monitoring across multiple contractors. The proposed model emphasizes proactive risk identification, collaborative safety decision-making, and standardized safety protocols that align subcontractors with project-wide safety objectives. The framework also incorporates digital safety technologies such as IoT-enabled monitoring, predictive analytics, and integrated reporting platforms to enhance situational awareness and hazard mitigation. By addressing governance gaps within multi-contractor construction settings, this review contributes a structured approach for improving safety coordination, reducing accident risks, and strengthening regulatory compliance in high-rise construction projects.