New electronic devices such as touch screens, flexible displays, printable electronics, solid-state lighting and thin film photovoltaics have led to a rapidly growing market for flexible transparent conductors. Recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of graphene indicate that it may be suitable for many electronic applications including as a transparent conductor. The optimization of chiral graphene devices is performed using full wave analysis tools based on Method of Moments (MoM), and Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). Inclusion of the gauge condition gave rise to non-symmetric Newton-Raphson matrices, when solving non-linear electromagnetic problems. This can be repaired by the inclusion of a ‘ghost’ field that has no physical effects but results into non-singular and square Newton-Raphson matrices. As application, we have calculated the influence of the optical effect (OE) on the chiral tunneling in graphene by using the FDTD method. We find that perfect tunneling can be strongly suppressed by the optically induced band mixing, even at large detuning. These properties might be useful in device applications, such as the fabrication of an optically controlled field-effect transistor that has ultrafast switching times and low power consumption.
Torres-Silva et al. (Sat,) studied this question.