Bloodstream infections secondary to urinary tract infections (UTIs) are associated with prolonged hospital stays, increased complications, higher costs, and elevated mortality rates. Previous studies reported mortality rates ranging from 25% to 60%. To our knowledge, no studies have yet investigated bloodstream infections secondary to UTIs in Palestine. Therefore, we conducted this study to identify common risk factors associated with bloodstream infections secondary to UTIs, and to describe their clinical progression, outcomes, and mortality. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at An-Najah National University Hospital ( ANNUH) and included 140 adult patients aged 19–90 years who had concurrent positive urine and blood cultures for the same pathogen. Demographic, microbiological, and laboratory data were collected from 2018 to 2023. Mortality outcomes were assessed and analyzed in correlation with these findings. A total of 140 patients were enrolled in the study. Of the isolates, 71.4% were bacterial and 28.6% were fungal. Candida species were the most common isolates (28.6%), followed by Escherichia coli (26.4%). Among the participants, 43% died. Candida bloodstream infection, mechanical ventilation, admission to the intensive care unit, and a history of chronic pulmonary disease were significantly associated with higher mortality. Laboratory parameters including low white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and platelets were also associated with death. This study is the first in Palestine to examine bloodstream infections secondary to UTIs. The findings indicate an epidemiologic shift from predominantly Escherichia coli to Candida species. Mortality was significantly associated with Candida bloodstream infection and risk factors such as intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and central line use. Ongoing surveillance and periodic monitoring of resistance patterns are essential to improve outcomes and guide empirical therapy. Not applicable.
Nafee et al. (Tue,) studied this question.