In recent years, gender discrimination has become a serious social problem. To shed light on these social issues, this study examined how differences in the degree of group identification, that of individual and social orientations, and behavioral values affect attitudes and impression ratings of targets and all group members in the ingroup or outgroup. At the time, a web investigation was conducted on 517 students who have approximately graduated from high school or above (282 women). This study was planned using group identification (mean-centered), individual and social orientations (mean-centered), groups (ingroup vs. outgroup) and behavioral values (helping behavior vs. theft behavior) as independent variables. The results showed that socially undesirable behavior performed by the ingroup was evaluated more positively than by the outgroup, and socially desirable behavior performed by the outgroup was evaluated more negatively than the ingroup. Furthermore, it was shown that there was an indirect evaluation process in which, after the impression was formed of the ingroup or outgroup targets who had performed socially desirable (or undesirable) behavior, that impression influenced the impression of all members of the group to which the target belongs. These results meant that the ingroup targets who had done positive things were evaluated more positively, and the outgroup targets who had done negative things were evaluated more negatively. Furthermore, these results indicated that these evaluations had a spreading effect on the target's entire group. This study provided evidence of behavioral processes related to ingroup bias.
Owada Tomofumi (Sat,) studied this question.