The Universe as a Closed Topological System

Key Points

• The central aim is to redefine gravity as a consequence of the universe's topological properties rather than a fundamental interaction.
• Proposed a model that sees the universe as a closed topological system.
• Introduced a novel interpretation of cosmic expansion as internal metric scaling rather than external extension.
• Reframed issues like dark energy and dark matter within a single geometric constraint.
• Gravity is presented as a local effect stemming from global topological closure.
• The model suggests that expansion is a scaling of the universe's internal metric.
• The cosmological constant problem is addressed through this geometric approach.