This work presents a compact wearable microstrip patch antenna array designed for healthcare and body-centric wireless communication at 2.45 GHz. The antenna is fabricated on a flexible denim (jeans) substrate to ensure comfort, durability, and seamless integration into garments. A four-element array configuration is employed to enhance performance, achieving excellent return loss and VSWR, along with compliant Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) levels, confirming safe operation on the human body. The proposed design is validated through both CST Microwave Studio simulations and experimental measurements using a Vector Network Analyzer, demonstrating strong agreement between simulated and measured results. The use of a non-conventional textile substrate, along with comprehensive SAR evaluation on human-body-equivalent models, highlights the novelty and practical viability of the antenna for real-world wearable and biomedical applications.
Mujawar et al. (Fri,) studied this question.