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Measured travel times of acoustic pulses, propagated across a 3000-km section of the North Pacific, are inconsistent with travel times predicted with the internationally accepted algorithm for the speed of sound in water. The sound-speed algorithm predicts a speed that is too fast at oceanic pressures found below about 1-km depth. An accurate algorithm of sound speed is important for deriving temperature from measurements of acoustic travel time across oceans. Accurate estimates of the temperature field are probably important for better understanding the ocean’s role in determining weather, climate, and the distribution of marine organisms.
Spiesberger et al. (Mon,) studied this question.