Ensuring the safe and transparent circulation of pharmaceutical products is a critical priority for healthcare systems and regulatory authorities. Increasing globalization of pharmaceutical supply chains and the growing complexity of medicine distribution have intensified challenges related to counterfeit medicines, unauthorized distribution channels, and limited traceability of pharmaceutical products. These issues highlight the need for advanced digital solutions capable of improving supply chain transparency and strengthening regulatory oversight. Artificial intelligence (AI) and pharmaceutical track-and-trace systems have emerged as promising technologies for monitoring medicine circulation and enhancing supply chain security. This study examines the role of artificial intelligence and digital track-and-trace systems in strengthening the safety of pharmaceutical circulation in Azerbaijan. A narrative review methodology was used to analyze international scientific literature, regulatory frameworks, and existing pharmaceutical traceability systems implemented in different countries. The findings indicate that track-and-trace systems based on serialization technologies enable regulators to monitor the movement of medicines across supply chains and verify product authenticity. Artificial intelligence technologies can further enhance these systems by analyzing large volumes of distribution data, detecting irregular supply chain activities, and identifying potential circulation risks. Integrating AI with national track-and-trace systems could significantly improve transparency, strengthen regulatory control of pharmaceutical distribution, and support the digital transformation of pharmaceutical regulation in Azerbaijan.
Said Y. Farzullayev*, Mahbuba N. Valiyeva, Murad Y. Suleymanov (Fri,) studied this question.