Toward Sustainable Urban Mobility: A Systematic Review of Transit-Oriented Development for the Appraisal of Dubai Metro Stations

In Dubai’s rapidly expanding urban landscape, addressing the adverse impacts of increasing automobile reliance is critical. Growing vehicle usage contributes to urban sprawl, prolonged commutes, infrastructure strain, and diminished green spaces. As a sustainable alternative, Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) promotes compact density, mixed-use environments, and transit-focused design, particularly suited for Dubai’s evolving context. This study evaluates the applicability of Transit-Adjusted Development (TAD) and TOD appraisal models, specifically the 3D and 6D frameworks, to stations on both the Red and Green Lines of the Dubai Metro. By examining Dubai’s complex urban form, the research identifies strategic interventions to enhance urban mobility and mitigate sprawl. Through an extensive literature review, key factors shaping sustainable urban transport such as accessibility, land-use diversity, density, design, distance to transit, and demand management are analyzed. This investigation highlights the suitability of implementing TOD principles at prominent metro stations, including Al Rashidiya, Al Qusais, and Mall of the Emirates. These stations hold significant potential for strengthening transit efficiency, fostering pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods, and reducing dependency on private vehicles. The findings underscore the importance of integrating TOD strategies into Dubai’s metropolitan planning. By doing so, Dubai can move toward a more connected, efficient, and environmentally responsible urban future.