High-speed capability is a defining feature of next-generation helicopters, enabling time-sensitive missions. This paper compares three high-speed configurations: tiltrotor, coaxial rigid rotor, and compound conventional rotor. Based on existing technology and operational needs, the study focuses on the aerodynamic layout of a compound conventional rotor high-speed unmanned helicopter. With key parameters, including a 300 kg takeoff weight and a maximum speed of 240 km/h, iterative optimization was conducted using theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and flight dynamics evaluation. A feasible aerodynamic layout based on a “dual-side propulsion concept” was developed, followed by flight performance assessment and full-scale prototype flight tests. The results show: (1) the final layout comprises a two-blade hingeless rotor, three-blade pusher propellers, wings, skid landing gear, an H-tail, and a horizontal stabilizer; (2) flight performance meets all design targets, achieving maximum and cruise speeds of 260.48 km/h and 180 km/h at 1500 m altitude; and (3) full-scale prototype tests confirm the rationality of the aerodynamic layout and the reliability of the design process, achieving a high-speed flight of 242.6 km/h at an altitude of 1280 m. This work provides a valuable configuration reference for high-speed unmanned helicopter development.
He et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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