The mainstream black hole theory holds that the gravitational collapse of massive celestial bodies forms a singularity with infinitely small volume, infinite density, and infinitely strong gravity. This theory fails to reasonably explain actual observational phenomena such as the M87 black hole jet and high-energy gamma-ray radiation. Based on authoritative observational data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, and other institutions, and taking the microscopic physical process of the atomic bomb explosion as empirical evidence, this paper strictly falsifies the physical reality of the black hole singularity theory. This paper proposes the core Light Origin Theory: all matter in the universe is generated by high-energy photons. Under extreme cosmic conditions, light is strongly bound to form elementary particles such as neutrons, protons, and electrons in sequence, which then construct atoms and molecules, and finally form the entire material world. Celestial collapse and atomic bomb explosion are essentially the breaking of the material bound structure, the complete release of the internal bound high-energy photons, and the return to the original form of light. Observational data of the M87 black hole confirm that the jet near the black hole is dominated by high-energy gamma photons. After being ejected for thousands of light-years, the energy cools down and transforms into protons, electrons, and neutrons, which then form hydrogen and helium atoms, constitute the core raw materials of nebulae, and finally condense into celestial bodies again, forming an infinite circular cosmic system of light–matter–light. This theory is fully consistent with observational facts, solves all physical contradictions of the singularity theory, and constructs a cosmic matter evolution model unifying the microscopic and macroscopic scales.
Jiaqing Yan (Tue,) studied this question.