Recent development of active metallic nanostructures-encapsulated carbon hybrid materials for ORR, OER, and HER applications

Key Points

• The aim is to summarize recent advancements in transition metal@carbon hybrids and their uses in electrochemical applications.
• Review of literature on TM@C hybrids
• Analysis of synthesis techniques
• Assessment of structure-electrochemical relationship
• Identified key synthesis approaches for TM@C hybrids
• Established connections between structure and electrochemical performance
• Highlighted potential applications in ORR, OER, and HER