Abstract: This study aimed to explore the impact of the Persian Montessori Wooden Calendar on the temporal understanding of autistic children. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience difficulties in understanding temporal concepts such as sequencing, duration, and the passage of time, which can interfere with daily functioning and transitions. Using a multiple baseline design, the study analyzed data from three male participants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through visual inspection and regression-based effect size estimation to evaluate changes in temporal understanding. The intervention’s effectiveness was examined in relation to the acquisition of time-related concepts across baseline, intervention, and maintenance phases. The intervention demonstrated a significant improvement in the participants’ understanding of time concepts. Results from both visual inspection and statistical analyses indicated sustained gains across all participants, with improvements persisting into the maintenance phase. These findings highlight the effectiveness of using a structured visual support, such as the Montessori Wooden Calendar, for enhancing time-related concepts in autistic children, offering a valuable tool for educators and clinicians. Implications for educational and mental healthcare professionals, as well as recommendations for future research, were provided.
Ghazali et al. (Wed,) studied this question.