What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess the global burden of adverse effects from medical treatment between 1990 and 2021, focusing on trends and inequities.

April 23, 2026

Global Burden of Adverse Effects of Medical Treatment, 1990-2021: Trends, Inequities, and Projections From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Key Points

To assess the global burden of adverse effects from medical treatment between 1990 and 2021, focusing on trends and inequities.
Analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Examined trends in mortality and disability associated with adverse medical effects
Compared high- and low-resource systems
Identified a heavy burden of adverse effects, with high-resource systems facing increasing risks
Noted significant preventable fatalities in low-resource settings
Highlighted the need for context-specific policy responses to reduce inequities

Abstract

Despite progress in reducing mortality and disability rates, the absolute AEMT burden remains relatively heavy, with considerable inequities across development settings. The findings reveal a critical paradox that high-resource systems face escalating risks from complex interventions, whereas low-resource settings struggle with preventable fatalities. Our findings inform global safety initiatives by highlighting the paradoxical burdens in high- and low-resource systems, calling for tailored, context-specific policy responses.

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