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This research explores the increasing importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) with relation to smart cities. It discusses the AI and ML’s ability to revolutionize various aspects of urban environments, including infrastructure, governance, public safety, and sustainability. The research presents the definition and characteristics of smart cities, highlighting the key components and technologies driving initiatives for smart cities. The methodology employed in this study involved a comprehensive review of relevant literature, research papers, and reports on the subject of AI and ML in smart cities. Various sources were consulted to gather information on the integration of AI and ML technologies in various aspects of smart cities, including infrastructure optimization, public safety enhancement, and citizen services improvement. The findings suggest that AI and ML technologies enable data-driven decision-making, predictive analytics, and optimization in smart city development. They are vital to the development of transport infrastructure, optimizing energy distribution, improving public safety, streamlining governance, and transforming healthcare services. However, ethical and privacy considerations, as well as technical challenges, need to be solved to guarantee the ethical and responsible usage of AI and ML in smart cities. The study concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions of AI and ML in shaping urban environments, highlighting the importance of collaborative efforts and responsible implementation. The findings highlight the transformative potential of AI and ML in optimizing resource utilization, enhancing citizen services, and creating more sustainable and resilient smart cities. Future studies should concentrate on addressing technical limitations, creating robust policy frameworks, and fostering fairness, accountability, and openness in the use of AI and ML technologies in smart cities.
Deep et al. (Sun,) studied this question.