Understanding the subsurface geoelectrical characteristics is crucial for effective groundwater exploration and management. This study focuses on the subsurface lithology and groundwater potential of a specific study area using Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES). The primary aim of this study is to investigate the spatial variation of apparent resistivity, aquifer depth, and thickness to identify zones with varying groundwater potentials. Eight VES were conducted using the Schlumberger setup. The apparent resistivity, depth, and thickness data obtained were analyzed to infer the subsurface lithology and groundwater potential. Hydrogeological parameters such as longitudinal conductance, transverse resistance, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity were also assessed. The apparent resistivity values showed significant spatial variation, with the highest resistivity of 14.9 Ωm at VES 6, indicating low groundwater potential. The lowest resistivity values (0.07 to 2.54 Ωm) were found between the Afro and Eme rivers, indicating high groundwater potential. The aquifer depths varied, with the deepest at VES 8 (39.33 meters) and the shallowest between 27.26 and 33.4 meters at other points. The thickest aquifer was observed at VES 8 (71.6 meters), while thinner aquifers were recorded at other points. The analysis revealed distinct zones with varying groundwater potentials. Areas between the Afro and Eme rivers exhibited the highest groundwater potential, while the southern part of the study area around VES 6 showed the lowest potential. Hydrogeological parameters further supported these findings, with high longitudinal conductance and transmissivity at VES 8 indicating a productive aquifer, whereas lower values at other points suggested limited groundwater storage and movement. The study identified significant spatial variations in subsurface characteristics, highlighting areas with high and low groundwater potentials. These findings are crucial for sustainable groundwater management and resource utilization in the study area. This study provides a comprehensive geoelectrical and hydrogeological analysis of the study area, offering valuable insights for targeted groundwater exploration and efficient water resource management.
Odoh et al. (Tue,) studied this question.