Double electron–electron resonance is a pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance method that enables the measurement of distances between spins and the spin concentration in an ensemble. This paper investigates the signal behavior for randomly distributed spins with tilted quantization axes. Numerical calculations supported by Monte Carlo simulations show that the signal decay rate decreases by 14% when the spins are oriented at an angle of 109.5° relative to each other, as is the case for nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond. When determining concentration using DEER, this factor should be taken into account.
Chernyavskiy et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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