Beyond the Three-State Picture: When Higher-Lying Excited States Become Quantitatively Indispensable

Key Points

• The aim is to assess the quantitative impact of higher-lying excited states on photophysical observables.
• Analysis of photophysical systems involving higher-lying excited states
• Quantitative modeling techniques applied to thermally activated delayed fluorescence
• Identified that higher-lying excited states significantly influence photophysical observables
• Demonstrated that neglecting these states leads to inaccurate predictions in TADF systems