Volcanic risk represents a persistent threat to urban and rural settlements located near active stratovolcanoes. The problem this study addresses is the lack of urban planning persistent absence of formal frameworks that incorporate volcanic risk parameters. This research proposes a GIS-based territorial planning approach aimed at reducing exposure, enhancing urban resilience in the face of potential eruptive events. The study focuses on San Pablo de Lago, a parish highly exposed to lava flows and lahars. Following the disaster risk management cycle mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, this work integrates geospatial analysis, land-use planning, and risk governance. Through spatial modeling and hazard zoning, high-, medium-, and low-risk areas were identified using volcanic hazard data and topographic analysis. The spatial analysis revealed that 36.8% of the parish falls within high-risk zones, affecting approximately 4626 people, 41.5% of the population. A 22-hectare linear park was proposed as a buffer zone, and strategic parcel restructuring was planned to relocate vulnerable dwellings. These data-driven interventions demonstrate measurable reductions in exposure and highlight the potential of geospatial planning tools for supporting decision-making and reducing vulnerabilities through sustainable land management. Results demonstrate the relevance of integrating geospatial technologies into local planning instruments for disaster risk reduction. This case study offers a replicable methodology for volcanic regions in Latin America, contributing to resilient urban development and territorial governance under conditions of natural threat.
Guzman et al. (Sun,) studied this question.