Development of a Low-Cost Smart PIG and Wireless Sensor for the Detection of Pipeline Defects and Anomalies

Inspecting the inside or outside circumstances of a buried pipeline is very difficult, as visual inspection is overwhelming and costly; also, the procurement cost of most conventional Pipeline Inspection Gauges (PIGs) are usually overbearing; and they usually come in huge sizes, making it too heavy to install. This study aimed at developing a low-cost smart PIG for defects (leakage) detection in pipelines. The smart PIG was developed using locally sourced materials and off-the-shelf sensors and electronics to provide a low-cost alternative to traditional Intelligent PIGs. The major components used in the design includes: SparkFun Pressure Sensor Breakout: MS5803-14BA, Motion Sensor (SparkFun 9DoF IMU Breakout: LSM9DSI), the wireless communicator (ESP-01S ESP8266 WiFi module) and Arduino MicrocontrollerA no-load test was carried out on the pig by conveying inside a 160mm diameter pipeline of length 6.7m using a 0.125hp D.C motor and a gearbox attachment to pull from end to end. Data were retrieved using a WiFi module and PuTTY software. Pressure irregularities (spikes) were observed at the points of obstruction, based on the pressure values plotted. The higher-pressure pulses (spikes) which were observed at the points of defects created along the pipeline was an indication that the Smart PIG was capable of detecting the created defects. This was an indication that the low-cost smart pig was capable of detecting leakages and can serve as a suitable alternative for the traditional In-line Inspection tools.