This review provides recommendations for the management of patients with valvular heart disease during pregnancy to optimize maternal and fetal outcomes.
Pregnancy in patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) continues to pose a challenge to both physicians and their patients and could be associated with an unfavorable maternal as well as fetal outcome. The purpose of this paper is to review the available clinical data and provide recommendations for the management of patients with VHD during gestation.
Elkayam et al. (2005) studied this question.