Combination of Phosphorus Doping and Gas Treatment to Enhance the Capacity and Initial Coulombic Efficiencies of Hard Carbon Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries.

Key Points

• The research aims to improve sodium storage capacity and initial coulombic efficiencies in hard carbon anodes using phosphorus doping and gas treatment.
• Combination of phosphorus doping and gas treatment applied to hard carbon anodes.
• Assessment of reversible sodium storage capacity and coulombic efficiencies.
• Evaluation of performance metrics before and after treatment.
• Gas treatment significantly enhanced reversible sodium storage capacity at phosphorus sites.
• Initial coulombic efficiency improved by a notable percentage after gas treatment.