Climate justice is an approach that links environmental issues and human rights, and aims to address and alleviate the unequal burdens resulting from climate change, as well as protect marginalized and most vulnerable groups from the negative effects of climate change. In this context, the principle of shared and differentiated responsibility emerged as one of the basic pillars for achieving climate justice, as this principle is based on the recognition that all countries bear a common responsibility in confronting climate change, but this responsibility varies according to the capacity of each country and the extent of its contribution to causing this problem. As for industrialized countries, they bear the greatest historical responsibility for the emissions of harmful gases that caused climate change, while developing countries bear less responsibility due to their limited contributions and economic capabilitiesWeak , therefore, this principle obliges the international community to provide financial and technological support to developing countries to help them transition to low-carbon economies and adapt to the effects of climate change. From this standpoint, the principle of common but differentiated responsibility is considered an essential tool for achieving climate justice by distributing responsibilities fairly. This principle also represents the legal basis for negotiations and international commitments related to combating climate change, ensuring that each country bears its responsibility in proportion to its capabilities. In addition,
Jawad et al. (Sat,) studied this question.