With the rapid growth in the number of new energy vehicles such as battery electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the contradiction between surging charging/refueling demand and the limited scheduling capability and low operational efficiency of charging stations is becoming increasingly prominent. To address this issue, this paper proposes a distributionally robust coordinated scheduling method for generalised energy storage (GES)–integrated energy systems (IES) based on electricity–hydrogen dynamic pricing. First, a GES structure incorporating integrated charging stations and integrated demand response is constructed, and the energy interaction and coordination mechanisms between this structure and the IES are analysed. Second, based on price elasticity theory, an electricity–hydrogen dynamic pricing mechanism that accounts for unit carbon emissions and load fluctuations is designed to guide users’ charging behaviour shifting and promote the consumption of low-carbon energy. On this foundation, a bi-level robust scheduling model is formulated to minimise the joint operational cost of the GES and the IES. Case study results demonstrate that the proposed model enhances the economic performance of charging stations and amplifies the system’s low-carbon benefits, thereby achieving a balanced distribution of benefits among multiple stakeholders.
Zhang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.