. By integrating genomic sequencing, functional annotation, and comparative approaches, this work establishes LPU88 as a valuable model strain for understanding plasmid diversity, horizontal gene transfer, and symbiotic efficiency in rhizobia. IMPORTANCE: . Understanding these processes is essential for clarifying rhizobial evolutionary dynamics, improving the stability and efficiency of symbiotic interactions, and promoting their use as bioinoculants in sustainable agriculture.
Rey et al. (Wed,) studied this question.