Northeast Nigeria is currently at the epicenter of Sub-Saharan climate instability, characterized by rapid desertification, hydrological stress, erratic precipitation and rising temperatures. This paper provides a systematic review of the climate change impacts on indigenous communities in the Azare region, focusing on the intersection of socio-economic vulnerability and Environmental Health. By synthesizing data on the shrinking of Lake Chad and shifting rainfall patterns, the review identifies critical gaps in current adaptation frameworks. Central to this discussion is the role of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in providing localized resilience. The findings suggest that while IKS offers a baseline for survival, it must be integrated with modern Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Environmental Health Officer (EHO) roles to ensure long-term sustainability. Furthermore, it evaluates the efficacy of traditional ecological knowledge in mitigating environmental stressors and proposes culturally and environmentally appropriate mitigation strategies that bridge indigenous practices with modern environmental health sciences. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for integrating community-led mitigation into Nigeria’s National Adaptation Plan (NAP).
Mohammed et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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