Particulate matter is an important environmental factor that affects human health, especially the respiratory system, and it has become a big problem in many crowded urban areas. This study investigates the relationship of particulate matter PM 10 and PM 2.5 , meteorological factor and respiratory disease hospitalizations in Bangkok, Thailand, from 2022 to 2024. Utilizing air quality, meteorology and health records, the methodology employed statistics and linear regression models via jamovi software. The results demonstrate significant seasonal dynamics, where peak PM concentrations occurred during winter months (PM 10 was 59.52 μg/m 3 , PM 2.5 was 30.84 μg/m 3 ) due to atmospheric stagnation, whereas the rainy season showed the lowest levels (PM 10 was 36.04 μg/m 3 , PM 2.5 was 16.42 μg/m 3 ) attributed to wet deposition. Statistical evidence identifies meteorological factors as primary drivers of health morbidity. Correlation analysis shows that PM 2 . 5 has a moderate negative relationship with rainfall (rs = −0.6034, p < 0.001), while PM 10 has a strong positive relationship with temperature (rs = 0.9385, p < 0.001). However, both PM 10 and PM 2 . 5 show a weak negative relationship with hospitalizations. In contrast, temperature shows a clear positive association with hospital admissions. Rainfall shows a weak positive relationship with respiratory disease hospitalizations in the same month, but lag analysis reveals a negative effect after 1–2 months. Overall, meteorological factors appear to have a stronger impact on respiratory health than PM alone, especially when delayed effects are considered. • The highest particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in urban area were found in winter season. • Meteorology affects the concentration of particulate matter and respiratory disease hospitalizations in the atmosphere. • Respiratory Disease Hospitalizations as correlation with meteorology factors. • Lag analysis shows that rainfall has a delayed negative effect on respiratory hospitalizations, with a stronger effect after 1–2 months.
Sukchinda et al. (Fri,) studied this question.