Urban parks must balance recreational demands with biodiversity goals, creating trade-offs that can hinder consensus. This study extracts key consensus issues in park management and visualizes underlying value-conflict structures among citizens. Ten paired items were developed from an official Tokyo document on park planning and surveyed around Shakujii Park (N=148). Latent class analysis identified two preference types: a Moderation class favoring middle options (~59%) and a Polarization class selecting endpoints more often (~41%). An issue-level polarization index, P* (= endpoint share × endpoint balance), was highest for facility provision vs. reuse, volunteer- vs. expert-led management, and the desirability of lively activities; tree-related items showed broad agreement (low P*). R3STEP regression found no robust links between class membership and observed attributes. The workflow—paired-item design, LCA, and P* summarization—offers a transferable template for anticipating conflict and structuring staged, issue-specific dialogue in participatory governance.
TANABE et al. (Thu,) studied this question.