Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction and 30-Day Mortality among Women and Men

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that women with acute myocardial infarction receive less aggressive therapy than men. We used data from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project to determine whether women and men who were ideal candidates for therapy after acute myocardial infarction were treated differently. METHODS: Information was abstracted from the charts of 138,956 Medicare beneficiaries (49 percent of them women) who had an acute myocardial infarction in 1994 or 1995. Multivariate analysis was used to assess differences between women and men in the medications administered, the procedures used, the assignment of do-not-resuscitate status, and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Among ideal candidates for therapy, women in all age groups were less likely to undergo diagnostic catheterization than men. The difference was especially pronounced among older women; for a woman 85 years of age or older, the adjusted relative risk was 0.75 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.68 to 0.83). Women were somewhat less likely than men to receive thrombolytic therapy within 60 minutes (adjusted relative risk, 0.93; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.90 to 0.96) or to receive aspirin within 24 hours after arrival at the hospital (adjusted relative risk, 0.96; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.95 to 0.97), but they were equally likely to receive beta-blockers (adjusted relative risk, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.95 to 1.03) and somewhat more likely to receive angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (adjusted relative risk, 1.05; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.08). Women were more likely than men to have a do-not-resuscitate order in their records (adjusted relative risk, 1.26; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.22 to 1.29). After adjustment, women and men had similar 30-day mortality rates (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.04). CONCLUSIONS: As compared with men, women receive somewhat less aggressive treatment during the early management of acute myocardial infarction. However, many of these differences are small, and there is no apparent effect on early mortality.