Abstract Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the major precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a malignancy with rising incidence and poor prognosis. Despite advances in detection and treatment, optimal screening and surveillance strategies remain controversial. This narrative review aims to summarize current evidence and recent advances in the screening, surveillance, and management of BE. A narrative review focusing on BE screening and treatments was performed. We conducted a literature search using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases and several key search terms. Relevant articles were summarized and utilized for this review. Endoscopy remains the gold standard for BE diagnosis, but emerging minimally invasive tools such as Cytosponge, EsophaCap, EsoCheck/EsoGuard, and unsedated transnasal endoscopy offer accurate and cost-effective alternatives. Screening recommendations across major societies favor a risk-stratified approach focusing on individuals with chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and multiple risk factors. Surveillance intervals vary according to histologic findings, with closer follow-up for dysplasia. Endoscopic eradication therapy including radiofrequency ablation and endoscopic mucosal resection is recommended for patients with high-grade dysplasia and considered for patients with low-grade dysplasia. Advancements in nonendoscopic screening and endoscopic therapy have significantly improved the detection and management of BE. However, heterogeneity among international guidelines highlights the ongoing need for evidence-based recommendations.
Viana et al. (Thu,) studied this question.