Background: Cisternal puncture is a widely used technique for cerebrospinal fluid collection, with significant advancements in safety achieved through diagnostic imaging in mammals. However, its use in small avian species remains limited due to anatomical constraints and anesthetic risks. A comprehensive understanding of cisterna magna anatomy in birds is essential for optimizing cisternal puncture safety and enhancing central nervous system access. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate cisterna magna morphology in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), focusing on structural changes associated with cervical flexion. Materials and Methods: Six cockatiels underwent sedation and anesthesia for imaging. Positioned in supine with cervical flexion, anatomical modifications were assessed. Results: Intranasal sedation and anesthesia facilitated high-quality imaging with no adverse outcomes. CT demonstrated that cervical flexion increased the atlas-occipital distance from 1.93 mm (extended) to 3.09 mm (flexed) and the angle from 80.21° to 150.8°. MRI of one individual revealed an increase in cisterna magna cross-sectional area from 0.88 mm² to 3.42 mm², though sufficient flexion was not achieved in others. Discussions and Conclusions: These findings suggest that cervical flexion may facilitate cisterna magna expansion. This study highlights the feasibility of using CT and MRI for cisterna magna assessment in cockatiels and suggests that cervical flexion may enhance its cross-sectional area. These results contribute to advancing avian neurology and may improve cisternal puncture safety in small avian species.
Katsuno et al. (Thu,) studied this question.