ABSTRACT Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently expanded beyond mainstream medical applications toward the field of visual assistive devices, offering new opportunities for personalization, low‐cost production, and rapid prototyping. This review systematically examines published studies on the design and clinical or pre‐clinical use of 3D‐printed solutions for visually impaired persons, including Braille materials, tactile labels, maps and pictograms, educational tools, and mobility aids. The most frequently reported technologies were fused deposition modeling (FDM), stereolithography (SLA), material jetting (MJ), while common materials included polylactic acid (PLA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), selected for their balance between durability, tactile comfort, and affordability. Reported outcomes indicate that 3D‐printed Braille materials can achieve readability comparable to embossed standards, provided that tactile dimension requirements are met. Tactile labels have supported independent access to medication and clothing information, while maps and pictograms enhanced spatial orientation and environmental navigation. Educational models increased participation in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning, and mobility‐oriented adaptations—such as customized cane tips or sensor housings—contributed to improved safety and autonomy. Consistently highlighted advantages include affordability, adaptability to individual needs, and integration with digital design workflows. However, limitations were noted, including printing resolution constraints affecting Braille precision, reduced long‐term durability of wearable components, and the lack of harmonized regulatory frameworks for non‐invasive assistive devices. Overall, the reviewed evidence demonstrates that AM has the potential to significantly expand the range of affordable and customizable visual assistive technologies, complementing conventional manufacturing methods and addressing unmet user needs in education, daily living, and mobility.
Apostoaie et al. (Sun,) studied this question.